Mumio in cancer research: biological mechanisms and nanomedicine applications – a systematic review

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze Mumio’s anticancer potential through a literature review of scientific databases. In the 16 studies included in the analysis, 11 examined the direct effects of Mumio on cancer cell lines in vitro , 1 was conducted in vivo , and 4 focused on nanoparticle-based systems designed to deliver Mumio or other therapeutic agents. Across the studies, Mumio demonstrated greater cytotoxicity against cancer cells than against normal cells. Based on the available evidence, five major mechanisms associated with its activity against cancer cells can be distinguished: induction of apoptosis; inhibition of proliferation and oncogenic signaling; modulation of adhesion, invasion, and EMT; reduction of angiogenesis and inflammation; and regulation of oxidative stress. Mumio demonstrates biological activities that may be relevant to cancer research. Additional studies are required to verify these observations, including more advanced in vitro models such as spheroids and organoids, as well as further in vivo investigations.